Ukrainian refugees presented this colourful embroidered cushion to Immigration Minister Arthur Calwell at the Bathurst Reception Centre on 19 September 1948.

Stitched on the reverse velvet side are the words, 'GIFT, from thankful Ukrainians', the cushion is evidence of both a community grateful at finding safe haven and a substantial change in immigration policy.

A square embroidered cushion with a geometric pattern using green, yellow, red, blue, orange, black and white threads.

A substantial change in immigration policy.

Australia's immigration program grew dramatically after the Second World War. Its aim was to create a strong economy through full employment. For the first time since Federation, Australia began accepting large numbers of people from across Europe in addition to those from Britain. The Chifley government's slogan 'Populate or perish' promoted the policy as a way to safeguard Australia from future defence and economic threats.

Thousands of Europeans displaced by the war and fleeing the advance of communism were resettled. For many, Australia offered an opportunity for a fresh start. In turn, their arrival helped fuel social, political and industrial development, transforming Australia into a modern, multicultural nation.

A velvet cushion with hand embroidered text that says gift from thankful Ukrainians.

Who was Arthur Calwell?

Arthur Calwell (1896-1973) was active in the Australian Labor Party from an early age. Elected to the House of Representatives for Melbourne in 1940, he was a minister in the Curtin and Chifley governments, most notably Minister for Immigration from 1945-1949.

In this role he oversaw Australia's post-war migration scheme. He was Deputy Leader of the Labor Party under Doc Evatt from 1951 to 1960 and succeeded him as leader. Calwell came within two seats of ousting the Menzies government in 1961 and led Labor to a significant defeat in 1963 and a landslide defeat in 1966, after which he retired from the leadership, remaining in Parliament until 1972.